Organic Compounds
Chemistry · 50 practice questions
Introduction to the tetravalency of carbon, general formula, IUPAC nomenclature and empirical-formula determination; aliphatic hydrocarbons — alkanes (homologous series, substitution reactions), alkenes (isomerism, addition/polymerization reactions, polythene, synthetic rubber, vulcanization), alkynes (ethyne production and reactions); structural isomerism (up to six carbons); petroleum (composition, fractional distillation, products, cracking/reforming, petrochemicals, octane number); aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene — structure, properties, uses); alkanols (classes, ethanol production by fermentation/from petroleum, glycerol, distinguishing oxidation tests); alkanals and alkanones (distinguishing tests); alkanoic acids (neutralization, esterification, oxalic and benzene carboxylic acids); alkanoates (formation, fats/oils, saponification, soap vs. detergents); amines; carbohydrates (mono-, di- and polysaccharides, sugar tests, hydrolysis of cellulose/starch, uses); proteins (structure, hydrolysis, tests — Ninhydrin, Biuret, Millon's, xanthoproteic; enzymes); polymers (natural/synthetic rubber, addition/condensation polymerization, thermoplastics vs. thermosetting plastics).
- Derive names of organic compounds from their general formulae and relate name to structure.
- Relate the tetravalency of carbon to catenation and classify compounds by functional group.
- Derive empirical and molecular formulae from data and relate structure/functional groups to properties.
- Derive and distinguish isomeric forms.
- Classify hydrocarbons and relate crude-oil fractions to their properties, uses and processing.
- Distinguish polymerization processes and specify tests for terminal alkynes.
- Distinguish aliphatic from aromatic hydrocarbons and relate benzene's properties to its structure.
- Compare classes of alkanols and determine ethanol-production processes and its importance as an energy source.
- Differentiate alkanals from alkanones and compare alkanoic acids.
- Identify sources of alkanoates and specify soap/detergent/margarine production, distinguishing detergents from soap.
- Compare classes of amines.
- Identify sources and classes of carbohydrates and infer products of their hydrolysis.
- Identify protein structure, hydrolysis products and the relevant protein tests.
- Distinguish natural from synthetic polymers, addition from condensation polymerization, and thermoplastics from thermosetting plastics.
Try a few questions
- Practice question 1
Fractional distillation of petroleum mainly separates it into different fractions, such as petrol, kerosene and diesel, based on their
- A.differing boiling points
- B.differing colours
- C.differing molecular formulae only, with no reference to boiling point
- D.differing densities alone
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A. differing boiling points
Each fraction is collected as vapour condenses within its own characteristic boiling point range.
- Practice question 2
Glucose, C₆H₁₂O₆, is a classic example of a
- A.monosaccharide
- B.disaccharide
- C.polysaccharide
- D.protein
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A. monosaccharide
Glucose is one of the simplest sugars, classified as a single-unit monosaccharide.
- Practice question 3
The reaction between an alkanoic (carboxylic) acid and an alkanol, catalyzed by a strong acid, to form an ester and water, is called
- A.saponification
- B.hydrogenation
- C.esterification
- D.fermentation
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C. esterification
This acid-catalyzed condensation reaction specifically produces an ester alongside water.
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